For this project you should start by reading this article that describes some properties of the nuclear membrane. The nucleus is one of the organelles in eukaryotic cells. Then write a paragraph that summarized the article. Paragraphs should be at least three well constructed sentences.Finally you should find and link to an article about one of the following:
1. The differences between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells. or
2. Any one of the cell organelles. or
3. Types of transport in cells.
Finally write a paragraph summarizing the material in that article. Again, paragraphs should be at least three well constructed sentences.
1. The differences between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells. or
2. Any one of the cell organelles. or
3. Types of transport in cells.
Finally write a paragraph summarizing the material in that article. Again, paragraphs should be at least three well constructed sentences.
Make sure you put your ID and class section on your work. This project is due by midnight Sunday, 11/8. Remember that you need to do either this or the previous project. If you do both projects one will count for extra credit. If you did not do the previous article you must do this article.
If you have problems, email me at aphsbio at gmail.com.
If you have problems, email me at aphsbio at gmail.com.
Part 1: Nuclear Barrier Less Restrictive Than Expected In New Cells.
ReplyDeleteThere are 2 basic types of cells. One is the prokaryotes which is the evolutionarily ancient cell that only has a membrane surrounding the outer boundary. The other cell is the eukaryotes. It has an outer membrane and membrane bound compartments within the cell.
Nucleus have channels called the nuclear pore complex or the (NPC) which stops the protein if it doesn’t have a specific transport signal.
Part 2: Types of Transport in Cells
http://www.emc.maricopa.edu/faculty/farabee/BIOBK/BioBooktransp.html#Active and Passive Transport
There is Active and Passive transport in cells. Passive transport doesn’t need any energy from the cell. An example is the spontaneous movement of gasses (diffusion) like oxygen through the cell. Active Transport takes energy a way from the cell. The energy used is called ATP (adenosine triphosphate). It is used to transport large non–fatty molecules. There is also Carrier assisted transport which allows proteins like sugar to come into the cell.
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This article is about the two basic types of cells. They are called, prokaryotes and eukaryotes. The only differences between the two types of cells is that prokaryotes have a membrane surrounding there outer boundary. Where as the eukaryotes are more complex, and have an outer membrane and membrane bound compartments within its cell. The eukaryotes also have a double layered membrane that surrounds the nucleus. The genetic material in the cell is protected by the cell membrane called the nuclear envelope (NE). The NE regulates molecules going in and out of the nucleus though the nuclear pore complex (NPC). When a eukaryote cell divides into two identical cells through a process called mitosis, the NE must me disassembled and then quickly reformed. Two fully independent research groups examined the timing of the permeability of NE, by using special inert proteins. What they found was, the proteins lacked a nuclear transport signal and had to enter the nucleus by passive diffusion. The Institute of Physical and Chemical Research in Saitama Japan, proved that during a short period the NE barrier is barrier is much more permeable, and large proteins can enter. Another study by the European Molecular Biology Laboratory in Heidelberg, also observed that for passive diffusion, the permeability of NE is greatest shortly after the mitosis, and declines steadily after.
ReplyDeleteThe articleI found is about the differences between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells. A prokaryotic cell does not have a nucleus like a eukaryotic cell does. The purpose of the nucleus in the eukaryotic cell is to sequester the DNA-related functions of the big eukaryotic cell into a smaller chamber, for the purpose of increased efficiency. This function is unnecessary for the prokaryotic cell, because it’s much smaller size means that all materials within the cell are relatively close together. The eukaryotic DNA is linear where as the prokaryotic DNA is circular. The Ribosome’s in the eukaryotic cells are much larger than the ribosome’s in the prokaryotic cells. Also the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells is filled with a large, complex collection of organelles where as the prokaryotic cell contains no membrane-bound organelles. These are only a few of many differences between the cells.
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Difference between cells. Some nuclear envelopes allow stuff to go into the nucleuses at different times. Scientist have tried to figure out exactly when they allow things to go in and out.
ReplyDeletewww.msnbc.msn.com/id/33179052/ns/technology_and_science-science/
A glow in the dark fungus called Mycena luxaeterna discovered in Brazil. It was found on tree trunks and branches and glows a yellow and green light all day.
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The article was about prokaryotes and eukaryotes cells. They talked about some nuclear envelopes allow stuff to go into the nucleus at different times. Scientists have tried to figure out exactly when materials are allowed to go in an out.
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The article talks about the differences between positive transports and active transports and all of the specific types involved.
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The most common type of cells is the prokaryotes, which are cells that have only a membrane surrounding their outer boundary. And then there’s the eukaryote, which have an outer membrane and also membrane bound compartments inside the cell. New studies show that there are certain times when NE is much more open to passive diffusion. Also another study was found where during a short period of time the NE barrier is more permeable.
ReplyDeleteClick HereThe endoplasmic reticulum (RER) are passage ways to go throughout the cell to help transport materials and the ribosome make RER to look bumpy. The Smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER) doesn’t have ribosome but it forms passage ways, but produces lipids. The organelle restructures proteins called Golgi apparatus in these vesicles, and then reformed proteins are carried throughout the cell.
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This article from sciencedaily.com published on October 7th, 2009 called Come On In:Nuclear Barrier Less Restrictive Than Expected In New Cells compares the two different cells, prokaryotes and eukaryotes. It states that prokaryotes are evolutionarily ancient cells that only have a membrane surrounding their outer boundary, while the more complex eukaryotes have an outer membrane and membrane bound compartments within the cell. It shows how the most common type of cells is the prokaryotes. Two fully independent research groups examined the timing of the permeability of nuclear envelopes, by using special inert proteins. What they found was, the proteins lacked a nuclear transport signal and had to enter the nucleus by passive diffusion.
ReplyDeleteAnother article from sciencedaily.com is called 'Artificial Golgi' May Provide New Insight Into Key Cell Structure. This focuses on the cell organelle called the Golgi. This article states, " Scientists in New York and North Carolina are reporting assembly of the first functioning prototype of an artificial Golgi organelle. That key structure inside cells helps process and package hormones, enzymes, and other substances that allow the body to function normally. The lab-on-a-chip device could lead to a faster and safer method for producing heparin, the widely used anticoagulant or blood thinner, the researchers note." This article also states the history of the Golgi saying it was named after Camillo Golgi, the Italian scientist and Nobel Prize winner who discovered the structure in 1898.
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This article starts off talking about prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Prokaryotes only have a cell membrane while the eukaryotes have an outer membrane and a membrane bound compartments. Another thing that was mentions in this was about the Nuclear Envelope. In order to cross the barrier, proteins need a specific transport signal to be recognized by the NPC or they can move by simple diffusion. Scientist have found out that the NE is a lot more permeable than was first thought to be.
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The article I found is about the differences in prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Prokaryotes were the first living organism to evolve. They lack a membrane bound nucleus in the fact that the only membrane in a prokaryotic cell is the plasma membrane. They are most always single-celled, except when they come in colonies. The other kind of cell that is compared here is a Eukaryote. The have a nucleus, a double membrane bound control center separating genetic material. Eukaryotes contain organelles that prokaryotes do not. The organelles are mitochondria or chloroplasts to name a few. Eukaryotes are believed to have evolved from prokaryotes. They reproduce in several ways. One of the ways is meiosis. This is a way of sexual reproduction. The other one is called mitosis and it is a form of cell division.
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In eukaryote cells, scientists have discovered that the nuclear pore complex lets more protiens in and out of the cell than what was originally thought. There is also way more passive diffusion. Protiens that contain the right amount of signal to get into the cell can. The protiens that lack enough signal have to covert to passive diffusion in order to get through the cell membrane.
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It has been known that the nuclear membrane that protects a cell and regulates what enters and exits the cell was always very specific, only allowing proteins with a certain signal to enter. Now it is being discovered, based on the article provided by Science Daily, that this membrane is actually more open than it has been believed to be. It has also been discovered that shortly after mitosis, the nuclear membrane may be more open and unstable than it will be afterwards.
ReplyDeleteThe cell membrane is the outer layer of a cell which controls transport through the cell. Several modes of transportation can occur, such as passive transport, which requires no energy from the cell, and ATP, which needs energy to do things, such as to move solute from a higher to lower concentration. The cell membrane acts as a barrier, only allowing molecules of certain size to pass through, giving to cell what it needs to survive, and making sure nothing harmful can enter. Without the cell membrane, it would be easy for something to harm a cell, creating a difficult environment for things to live in.
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This article mentions the difference between prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Prokaryotes only have a membrane surrounding there outer boundry. Eukaryotes have an outer membrane and membrane compartments such as the Nuclear Envelope. It was said that the things crossing the barrier needs a transport or diffusion but that has changed. Now the NE is more permeamable.
ReplyDeleteIn this article it tells about the Endoplasmic Reticulum. This is the packageing system of the cell. There are two types of the ER, the rough and smooth. The rough looks bumpy, and has sacs called cisternae that store the more complex molocules. The smooth ER is like a storage organelle. It stores ions that may be used later on.
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the article states the difference between prokaryotes and eukaryotes. prokaryotes have only a membrane going around its boundry. eukaryotes have an outer membrane and membrane parts like the nuclear envelope. the article says that things crossing the boundary needs diffusion or a transport.
ReplyDeleteThe article i found is about ER. The ER is the packaging system of the cell. The 2 types of ER are rough ER and smooth ER. The rough ER is rough because it is covered with ribosomes. it has sacs called cisternae that store more complex molecules. And the smooth ER is a storage organelle. It stores ions for furure use
www.biology4kids.com/files/cell_er.html
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